Post-PhD careers The system of doctoral education, leading up to the PhD-degree, has been transformed substantially, specially the last twenty years. Several international changes, for example the Bologna Process, affected the academic profession and involved greater precariousness of working conditions, combined with the growing importance of doctoral education for the labour market, given current societal issues. This resulted in an expansion of doctoral graduates’ career paths beyond academia, including public, private, and non-profit sectors. About...
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